The Spanish national energy and climate plan

The Spanish National Energy and Climate Plan has been considered by many as one of the most ambitious ones presented in Europe. The Plan envisages a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2030 of 21% compared to 1990; a 42% share of energy end-use from renewables (74% in electricity generation); and a 39.6% improvement in energy efficiency. These targets, which go well beyond those agreed previously for Spain with the European Commission, are feasible, and widely shared by many stakeholders. However, for this Plan to become a reality, and for the economic opportunities it presents to materialize, more effort has to be put on the means deployed to achieve the ends desired. More ambition is needed in the detail, funding and innovation of the policies that will allow to meet the targets and to take advantage of the development opportunities. In particular, a stronger emphasis should be placed on the role of taxation and economic instruments, as proven tools to achieve these targets efficiently; and on the innovation and industrial policy required to generate jobs and economic development domestically.