Business use case development for TSO–DSO interoperable platforms in large-scale demonstrations

Recent changes in national and European-wide regulation for distribution system operator and transmission system operator (TSO–DSO) and energy consumer coordination foster flexibility provision for system services. In this context, many existing and new energy market participants need to adapt to newly developed platform-based service provision. To facilitate communication between different stakeholders and better identify future infrastructural changes, such as modern flexible electric grid components or advanced communication architectures, the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) is applied. This study describes the most relevant system services and market models and presents an exemplary application of the SGAM methodology based on three large-scal e pilots in Spain, Greece, and Sweden.